福建省2016年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 分析福建省2016年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况,为福建省恶性肿瘤防治提供理论依据。方法 整理与评估2016年福建省恶性肿瘤登记数据。将符合标准的数据根据性别、年龄和部位分别计算发病率和死亡率,结合2016年福建省户籍人口,估计福建省恶性肿瘤发病数和死亡数。结果 据估计,2016年福建省新发恶性肿瘤107 498例,死亡61 872例。全省恶性肿瘤发病率为286.72/10万,中标率210.24/10万。全省恶性肿瘤死亡率为165.03/10万,中标率113.90/10万。肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和甲状腺癌是福建省最常见的恶性肿瘤。肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌是福建省主要的恶性肿瘤死亡原因。结论 目前福建省癌症负担较重,应加强对肺癌、胃癌和肝癌等恶性肿瘤的防治工作。     

Rociletinib (CO-1686) enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

Overexpression of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in cancer cells is known to cause multidrug resistance (MDR), which severely limits the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy. Currently, there is no FDA-approved MDR modulator for clinical use. In this study, rociletinib (CO-1686), a mutant-selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was found to significantly improve the efficacy of ABCG2 substrate chemotherapeutic agents in the transporter-overexpressing cancer cells in vitro and in MDR tumor xenografts in nude mice, without incurring additional toxicity. Mechanistic studies revealed that in ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells, rociletinib inhibited ABCG2-mediated drug efflux and increased intracellular accumulation of ABCG2 probe substrates. Moreover, rociletinib, inhibited the ATPase activity, and competed with [¹²⁵I] iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP) photolabeling of ABCG2. However, ABCG2 expression at mRNA and protein levels was not altered in the ABCG2-overexpressing cells after treatment with rociletinib. In addition, rociletinib did not inhibit EGFR downstream signaling and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our results collectively showed that rociletinib reversed ABCG2-mediated MDR by inhibiting ABCG2 efflux function, thus increasing the cellular accumulation of the transporter substrate anticancer drugs. The findings advocated the combination use of rociletinib and other chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer patients with ABCG2-overexpressing MDR tumors.     

温阳补肾法对高原类风湿关节炎患者血清25羟维生素D3水平的影响

目的:观察温阳补肾法对高原类风湿关节炎患者血清25羟维生素D3水平的影响。方法:选取2015年7月至2017年8月青海省中医院收治的高原类风湿关节炎患者132例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组66例。对照组应用常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上应用温阳补肾法治疗,2组均连续治疗3个月。比较2组治疗后临床疗效,统计2组治疗前后主要临床症状与体征、健康状况评定量表(HAQ)评分和DAS28评分,检测2组治疗前后实验室检查指标、血清25羟维生素D3以及血液流变学指标水平。结果:治疗后,观察组临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P 0. 05); 2组关节肿胀指数、关节疼痛指数、关节压痛指数、晨僵时间、关节功能分级和20 m步行时间均较治疗前显著降低(P 0. 05),且观察组均显著低于对照组(P 0. 05); 2组HAQ评分、DAS28评分、类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和红细胞沉降率(ESR)水平均较治疗前显著降低(P 0. 05),且观察组均显著低于对照组(P 0. 05); 2组血清25羟维生素D3水平均较治疗前显著升高(P 0. 05),且观察组显著高于对照组(P 0. 05); 2组红细胞电泳指数、红细胞压积、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度水平均较治疗前显著降低(P 0. 05),且观察组均显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论:温阳补肾法治疗高原类风湿关节炎,疗效满意,同时能明显增加血清25羟维生素D3水平。     

基于网络药理学方法探究补肾活血汤治疗激素性股骨头坏死的作用机制

目的:探讨补肾活血汤治疗激素性股骨头坏死(steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,SONFH)的作用机制。方法:通过中医药整合药理学网络计算研究平台(integrative pharmacology-based network computational research platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine,TCMIP)v2.0预测、筛选补肾活血汤组方中14味中药的作用靶标,通过GeneCards、CTD和OMIM数据库查询SONFH的疾病靶点。根据获取的药物靶标和疾病靶点,进一步利用TCMIP v2.0中医药关联网络分析模块构建"药物靶标-疾病靶点"相互作用网络,根据网络拓扑特征值筛选补肾活血汤治疗SONFH的核心作用靶点。利用GO和KEGG数据库,采用富集算法挖掘上述方剂核心作用靶点的生物学功能和通路信息。结果:共获得891个补肾活血汤药物靶标和365个SONFH疾病靶点。经"药物靶标-疾病靶点"相互作用网络分析,最终筛选出31个补肾活血汤治疗SONFH核心靶点,GO功能分析富集出生物过程532条、分子功能29条,KEGG信号通路富集分析出相关通路共12条,主要涉及炎症免疫调节(chemokine signaling pathway,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,leukocyte transendothelial migration,Complement and coagulation cascades,cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction)、血管新生及血液循环调节(VEGF signaling pathway)、神经系统调节(neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction)和细胞功能调节(apoptosis,regulation of actin cytoskeleton)等方面。结论:结合SONFH的病理机制,排除缺乏特异性的信号通路,我们推测补肾活血汤可能通过调节TLR4/NF-κB和VEGF信号通路发挥补肾壮骨、活血化瘀的功效,这可能是其治疗SONFH的作用机制之一。     

不同时间电针对直肠癌开腹手术患者围术期应激反应和免疫功能的影响

目的观察不同时点电针对直肠癌开腹手术患者围术期应激反应及免疫功能的影响。方法240例择期行直肠癌根治性开腹手术而住院的患者,随机分为A组、B组、C组、D组,每组60例。A组设为空白对照组,B组于手术前1 d、C组于手术前1 d和麻醉诱导前30 min、D组分别于手术前1 d、麻醉诱导前30 min及手术后1 d行电针。分别于手术前1 d电针前(T1)、麻醉诱导前电针前(T2)、术毕(T3)和手术后1 d电针后(T4)4个时间采集患者空腹外周静脉血,用Sysmex血细胞分析仪对白细胞与中性粒细胞进行计数;ELISA检测急性期C反应蛋白(CRP)与热反应蛋白70(HSP70)以及细胞因子白介素6(IL-6)、干扰素(IFN-g)、白介素4(IL-4)水平,并计算IFN-g与IL-4比值;采用流式细胞仪测定CD4、CD8的细胞含量并计算两者比值。结果HSP70与CRP水平、白细胞数与中性粒细胞数、IL-4与IL-6水平变化趋势均一致,4组T1、T2时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组与B组T3和T4时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组、D组T3和T4时间显著低于A组与B组(P<0.05);D组T4时间显著低于C组(P<0.05);4组T2时间与T1时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T3时间高于T2时间(P<0.05),T4时间低于T3时间(P<0.05)。IFN-g变化不显著(P>0.05),IFN-g/IL-4、CD4/CD8变化趋势与以上相反。结论电针术前使用对直肠癌患者无显著疗效,但能够减轻术后应激反应和免疫抑制,并且随着电针次数的合理增加疗效更加显著。     

Reflection of neuroblastoma intratumor heterogeneity in the new OHC-NB1 disease model

Accurate modeling of intratumor heterogeneity presents a bottleneck against drug testing. Flexibility in a preclinical platform is also desirable to support assessment of different endpoints. We established the model system, OHC-NB1, from a bone marrow metastasis from a patient diagnosed with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and performed whole-exome sequencing on the source metastasis and the different models and passages during model development (monolayer cell line, 3D spheroid culture and subcutaneous xenograft tumors propagated in mice). OHC-NB1 harbors a MYCN amplification in double minutes, 1p deletion, 17q gain and diploid karyotype, which persisted in all models. A total of 80–540 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) was detected in each sample, and comparisons between the source metastasis and models identified 34 of 80 somatic SNVs to be propagated in the models. Clonal reconstruction using the combined copy number and SNV data revealed marked clonal heterogeneity in the originating metastasis, with four clones being reflected in the model systems. The set of OHC-NB1 models represents 43% of somatic SNVs and 23% of the cellularity in the originating metastasis with varying clonal compositions, indicating that heterogeneity is partially preserved in our model system.     

PEG-rhG-CSF预防卵巢癌、宫颈癌化疗中性粒细胞缺乏的临床研究

目的:探讨应用聚乙二醇化重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(PEG-rhG-CSF)对卵巢癌、宫颈癌化疗患者粒细胞减少的影响，并观察不良反应。方法:选择本院2015年4月至2017年6月卵巢癌、宫颈癌患者136例，随机分为对照组（68例）和研究组（68例），对照组应用rhG-CSF，研究组应用PEG-rhG-CSF，两组均化疗两个周期，评估患者两个周期不同时间血常规绝对中性粒细胞计数值（ANC）水平、ANC不同数量发生率和持续时间以及不良反应。结果:研究组患者第一个化疗周期第5 d、第7 d、第10 d和第14 d 及第二个化疗周期第3 d、第5 d、第7 d、第10 d和第14 d血ANC分别为（3.19±0.32）×109/L、（1.93±0.35）×109/L、（2.08±0.39）×109/L、（2.11±0.36）×109/L和（2.79±0.40）×109/L、（2.44±0.33）×109/L、（1.68±0.34）×109/L、（1.71±0.37）×109/L、（1.92±0.34）×109/L，均高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。研究组患者第一个和第二个化疗周期ANC＜1.5×109/L、ANC＜1.0×109/L和ANC＜0.5×109/L发生率分别为23.53%（16/68）、8.82%（6/68）、2.94%（2/68）和29.41%（20/68）、10.29%（7/68）、5.88%（4/68），均低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。研究组患者第一个和第二个化疗周期ANC＜1.5×109/L、ANC＜1.0×109/L和ANC＜0.5×109/L持续时间分别为（3.50±0.18）d、（2.17±0.23)d、（2.06±0.29）d和（4.08±0.22）d、（4.62±0.29）d、（4.11±0.24）d，均短于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。研究组中、重度不良反应总发生率为10.29%（7/68），低于对照组23.53%（16/68），差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论:应用PEG-rhG-CSF能够有效预防卵巢癌、宫颈癌化疗患者粒细胞减少，不良反应显著降低，值得临床推广应用。     

不同病理分级的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的MRI征象对比分析及“主胰管绕道征”的诊断价值探讨

目的:对比分析G1、G2级胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤（pNEN）的MRI征象，探讨“主胰管绕道征”的诊断价值。方法:收集32例pNEN患者的临床资料，以术后病理学检查为金标准，定量分析G1、G2级临床指标及影像学指标的差异，并着重分析pNEN与主胰管的关系。结果:32例患者中，病理分级G1、G2、G3级的患者分别有12例、16例、4例，分别以胰尾、胰头、胰颈为主要发生部位。与G1级神经内分泌瘤（NET）相比，G2级NET肿瘤直径显著增大，不规则形态的病灶增多，边缘模糊，生物学行为出现明显恶性倾向，主胰管扩张、胰腺外侵犯及淋巴结/肝转移的发生率升高。G1级NET的MRI平扫信号均质程度高于G2级（P＜0.05），但二者在增强MRI扫描的各个期象信号强度均无明显差异（P＞0.05）。28例NET患者中，22例（78.6%）出现主胰管绕道征；神经内分泌癌（NEC）患者无一例出现此征象。术前，28例NET的诊断准确率为78.6%（22/28），存在6例误诊，其中，3例误诊为胰腺癌，2例误诊为囊腺瘤（癌），1例误诊为胰腺假性囊肿。在原MRI诊断依据的基础上纳入“主胰管绕道征”，诊断准确率提高至89.3%（25/28），但仍存在3例误诊，其中2例误诊为囊腺瘤（癌），1例误诊为胰腺假性囊肿，排除了胰腺癌的误诊。结论:MRI对鉴别诊断良恶性pNEN有较高的准确性，但对部分G1与G2级NET仍存在一定的误诊率，主胰管绕道征可帮助减少出现胰腺癌误诊。     

High infiltration of mast cells is associated with improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in gallbladder cancer

Recent studies have reported that tumor‐infiltrating mast cells (TIM) play an important role in tumor regression, but the effect of TIM in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the prognostic value of TIM in GBC patients and its responsiveness to gemcitabine‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). A total of 298 GBC patients from Zhongshan Hospital were recruited for this study. TIM infiltration was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Accumulation of TIM is significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in GBC patients. The benefit from gemcitabine‐based ACT was superior among patients with high infiltration of TIM with GBC. Multivariate analysis identified TIM infiltration as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. A heatmap showed that TIM‐activated gene signatures were positively correlated with CD8+ T cells' gene signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that TIM was related to multiple T cell‐related processes and signaling pathways, including the interferon gamma signaling pathway and the leukocyte migration signaling pathway. It was confirmed that CD8+ T cell infiltration was positively correlated with high TIM infiltration in tissue microarray (TMA), suggesting that TIM infiltration was linked to the immune surveillance in GBC. TIM can be used as an independent prognostic factor and a predictor of therapeutic response of gemcitabine‐based ACT in GBC patients, which may mediate immune surveillance by recruiting and activating CD8+ T cells in GBC.